Citrate buffer at pH 6.0 Expand FFPE sections were obtained from formalin (10% neutral formaldehyde) fixed mouse kidney tissues. Antigens on FFPE sections were retrieved by citrate solution at pH 6.0. Two BiCell Scientific antibodies, raised in rat and rabbit respectively, were incubated with FFPE sections to detect two independent antigen proteins. Figure legend Fluorescent […]

Low-magnification fluorescent imaging Expand FFPE sections were obtained from formalin (10% neutral formaldehyde) fixed mouse kidney tissues. Antigens on FFPE sections were retrieved by citrate solution at pH 6.0. Two BiCell Scientific antibodies, raised in rat and rabbit respectively, were incubated with FFPE sections to detect two independent antigen proteins. Figure legend Fluorescent IHC on […]

IHC on cryosection Expand Cryosections are obtained from lightly fixed (<4% PFA), and rapidly frozen tissues, which offers a key advantage of antigen preservation in situ in tissue sections. Tissue morphology is not as well preserved as FFPE sections. Figure legend Cryosection imaging shows the Mucin-1 proteins in the luminal membrane of the epithelium lining […]

Concentration of fixative Expand Experiments have been performed to reveal the effects of different concentrations of aldehyde fixatives on tissue morphology. Over a 10-fold range, varying the concentrations of formaldehyde from 2% to 20% in a fixative solution had little effect on the cytoplasmic volume in one-centimeter blocks of rat kidney biopsies. Only at very […]

Protein crosslinking by paraformaldehyde Expand Aldehyde crosslinks are formed between protein molecules, in particular with the basic amino acid – lysine. Only those lysine residues on the exterior of the protein molecule react with aldehydes. Because protein is a universal constituent of the cell, present not only in the cytosol but also in the cytoskeleton […]